WebDriver: Advanced Usage

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Explicit and Implicit Waits

Waiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.

Explicit Waits

An explicit waits is code you define to wait for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code. The worst case of this is Thread.sleep(), which sets the condition to an exact time period to wait. There are some convenience methods provided that help you write code that will wait only as long as required. WebDriverWait in combination with ExpectedCondition is one way this can be accomplished.

Java

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading");
WebElement myDynamicElement = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
  .until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>(){
 @Override
 public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) {
  return d.findElement(By.id("myDynamicElement"));
 }});

Implicit Waits

An implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the WebDriver object instance.

Java

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading");
WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id("myDynamicElement"));

RemoteWebDriver

import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Augmenter;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
public class Testing {
        public void myTest() throws Exception {
        WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(
                                new URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"), 
                                DesiredCapabilities.firefox());
            driver.get("http://www.google.com");
            // RemoteWebDriver does not implement the TakesScreenshot class
        // if the driver does have the Capabilities to take a screenshot
        // then Augmenter will add the TakesScreenshot methods to the instance
        WebDriver augmentedDriver = new Augmenter().augment(driver);
        File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)augmentedDriver).
                            getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
    }
}

Using a FirefoxProfile

Java

FirefoxProfile fp = new FirefoxProfile();
// set something on the profile...
DesiredCapabilities dc = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
dc.setCapability(FirefoxDriver.PROFILE, fp);
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(dc);

Using ChromeOptions

Java

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
// set some options
DesiredCapabilities dc = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
dc.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options);
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(dc);

 Browser Startup Manipulation

Topics to be included:

• restoring cookies
• changing firefox profile
• running browsers with plugins

Using a Proxy

Internet Explorer

The easiest and recommended way is to manually set the proxy on the machine that will be running the test. If that is not possible or you want your test to run with a different configuration or proxy, then you can use the following technique that uses a Capababilities object. This temporarily changes the system’s proxy settings and changes them back to the original state when done.

Java

String PROXY = "localhost:8080";

org.openqa.selenium.Proxy proxy = new org.openqa.selenium.Proxy();
proxy.setHttpProxy(PROXY)
     .setFtpProxy(PROXY)
     .setSslProxy(PROXY);
DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabailities();
cap.setPreference(CapabilityType.PROXY, proxy);

WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(cap);